view Paul in the light of this (Protestant) culture of guilt and conscience. What we find in Paul is that he recognises unconscious motives—but even so does not feel guilty.’164 This statement is satisfactory as far as it goes. Paul’s calmness in the face of unconscious sin is indeed striking and deserves to be explored, but surely we must first acknowledge that 1 Cor. 4:4 is rather good evidence for the notion that Paul did indeed examine himself in order that he might avoid sin.165 Against